Priorities in maize breeding because of its shallow roots, maize is susceptible to drought, so one of the current top priorities in maize breeding is developing new varieties that are more drought tolerant. The time frame of the history of quantitative genetics is similar to mendelian genetics. Using genetics, genomics, and breeding to understand. History, contribution, and future of quantitative genetics in. The development of maize foundation parents is an important part of genetics and breeding research, and applying new genetic information to produce foundation parents has been challenging. Parts of this data set were used to calculate genetic parameters of general. Using genetics, genomics, and breeding to understand diverse. The past, present, and future of maize improvement.
Quantitative genetics in maize breeding nhbs academic. Organic farming has gained in importance in germany during recent years. Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components of. Shull 1952 coined the term heterosis and defined it as. Quantitative genetic studies on breeding maize for. Pedigree theories and the science of genetics ebook free. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding handbook of plant breeding. However, the exact mechanisms of what makes some plants more drought tolerant are not well understood. Consequently, maize has been at the forefront in development and evaluation of an array of molecular markers for varied purposes in genetics and breeding. Analysis of genotypingbysequencing data in a maize zea.
Gene for sepia colored eyes in drosophilia is autosomal recesive. Maize is an important crop for food, feed, forage, and fuel across tropical and temperate areas of the world. Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components of maize. In this study, we focused on quantitative trait loci qtls and general combining ability gca of ye478, a widely used foundation parent in china. Quantitative genetics of inbreeding in a synthetic maize. Evolutionary biology commons, and the plant breeding and genetics commons. In the present study we therefore conducted comparative field experiments with modern maize breeding materials under organic versus conventional farming conditions org and con, respectively to estimate. Tingting guo postdoctoral research associate, quantitative genetics. Springer nature is making sarscov2 and covid19 research free.
The inbredhybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of. Genetics, genomics and breeding of maize 1st edition. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding ebook by arnel r. This article is brought to you for free and open access by the agronomy at iowa state university digital repository. Much of the increase can be attributed to improved genetics through innovative plant breeding, and pioneer researchers have played a key role in this. Quantitative genetics, genomics, and plant breeding. Genetic analysis of maize kernel thickness by quantitative. Book, statistical genetics of quantitative traits by. The objectives of this study were to i evaluate combining ability of 25 improved exotic germplasm using different numbers of testers 1 to 3 from suwan1, reid, and nonreid heterotic groups. The illinois maize breeding and genetics laboratory. Chapters have been developed from a symposium held in baton rouge, louisiana, in march 2001, although additional contributions have also been commissioned especially for this volume. Plant breeding and agronomy have increased corn yields eightfold over the last 100 years, a trend that. Kuntze, an obligate hemiparasite, can cause grain yield loss of 20 to 80% in cereal crops such as maize zea mays l. Book, statistical genetics of quantitative traits by rongling.
Increased demands for corn grain are likely as a result of population growth, loss of farmland from urbanization, and development of new uses of corn. Edwards heterosis is the foundation of modern maize breeding programs. Introgress exotic maize alleles to increase the genetic diversity of us maize germplasm. Technological advances in maize breeding iowa state university. Maize breeding iowa state university digital repository. This project investigates genetics important for plant appearance and behavior and then uses this information for improving crops for a variety of traits and systems. The conference will be held march 912, 2017, at the union station of st. Its high demand makes grain yield a major target of maize breeding liu et al. Carena has led maize breeding research for shortseason maturity at ndsu since 1999. Wheat physiological pre breeding and genetic resources program pre breeding, cimmyt wenwen xiang graduate student, plant breeding and genetics. Advances in maize genomics and their value for enhancing. In in the population mean with inbreeding, are well under particular, inbreedingdepression isan outcomeof direcstood.
Quantitative genetics of inbreeding in a synthetic maize population. Among all types of markers, snp markers are increasingly the markerofchoice for all. Sequencing of the maize genome has opened up new opportunities in maize breeding, genetics and genomics research. Xianran li adjunct associate professor, genomics and bioinformatics. Quantitative trait locus analysis of heterosis for plant. Analysis of genotypingbysequencing data in a maize zea mays l. Therefore an increasing demand exists for varieties with specific adaptation to this farming system. Th erefore, determining if the iqi could be calculated using fewer tests would benefi t many breeding programs. Many genes contribute quantitatively to how a plant looks and behaves. Thirtytwo earlymaturity maize hybrids were evaluated at eight locations in nigeria and six locations in ghana for 2 yr to i identify highyielding, stable hybrids across locations andor hybrids.
Hybrid breeding food and agriculture organization of the united. In addition, maize is used as a raw material in industry. The genomic maize sample belonged to a single maize grain. Safe, secure, healthy, inexpensive and increasingly productive agricultural commodities are a cornerstone of increasing american prosperity. United states department of agriculture agriculture research service usdaars corn breeding and genetic analysis of agronomic traits relies on phenotypic variation and genetic variation in the genes controlling these traits.
Mass selection is a method in which the best ears from the best plants would be selected from a population of maize plants. Using genetics, genomics, and breeding to understand diverse maize germplasm. This book highlights modern trends in development of hybrids, analysis of genetic diversity, molecular breeding, comparative and functional genomics, epigenomicsand proteomics in maize. The impact of genetic relationship information on genomeassisted breeding values. Marshall 1989 considered that the lack of prebreeding programs. Prior to 1909, nearly all maize breeding was done by farmers or farmerseedsmen, who used mass selection as their main breeding method hallauer et al. Assessment of genetic diversity provides germplasm and information on an array of trait characteristics for systematic integration and exploitation. The below mentioned article provides an overview on the three methods employed in plant breeding. You are invited to attend the 59th annual maize genetics conference. Combining ability estimates of lines to be used in breeding are useful for maize zea mays l. It concentrates on the linkage analysis of markers, map construction and. In subsaharan africa, maize breeding programs have focused on productivity of normal endosperm maize under striga infestation while neglecting quality protein maize qpm.
Louis, missouri, usa the conference will open with a thursday evening meal, march 9 and close at noon sunday, march 12. Maize chloroplast and mitochondrial genes have been characterised in detail, with a focus on cytoplasmic. This article is brought to you for free and open access by the agronomy at iowa state university digital. The heterosis concept, defined over a century ago, continues to be applied in the production of several hybrids from different vegetable species. Two of the obtained plasmids had the expected wild type while four plasmids had.
Quantitative genetics in plant breeding spring 2009, 2010, 2011 syllabus pdf updated jan. This book provides an overview of the rapidly developing integration and interdependence of quantitative genetics, genomics, bioinformatics and their application to plant breeding. Despite its importance in maize production, we know surprisingly little about the genetic basis of heterosis. Stalcup1, thomas isakeit 2 1department of soil and crop sciences, 2department of plant pathology. Introduction the use of haploid plants in the breeding was possible after detection of the line stock 6. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding request pdf. I selection ii hybridisation and iii mutation breeding. The illinois maize breeding and genetics laboratory, crop. Geneticsbreeding for bioenergy quantitativegenetics. Genomic prediction in cimmyt maize and wheat breeding.
However, studies of changes in genetic variance tional dominance, which the historical literature in maize. The development of biotechnology has led to a great increase in our knowledge of maize genetics and understanding of the structure and. The rediscovery of mendels laws of inheritance in 1900 was the basis for determining the inheritance of quantitative traits and for developing plant breeding and selection methods. Genomic prediction in maize breeding populations with. In this pursuit, we focus on the genetic basis and prospects of quality protein maize for amino acid amelioration and enhancing the productivity of maize through the development of heterotic hybrids using elite qpm introgression lines. Molecular characterization of selected maize zea mays l.
Marshall 1989 considered that the lack of pre breeding programs. Gene and quantitative trait locus qtl mapping one of the. This program is currently one the of the few public u. History, contribution, and future of quantitative genetics. Carena has led maizebreeding research for shortseason maturity at ndsu since 1999. Goals objectives the three major goals of this project are to 1 develop and apply methodologies to improve plant improvement. In maize crops, however, the use of heterosis developed in such a unique way that hybridization was recommended as a valuable breeding method. The development of molecular and quantitative genetics offers a good opportunity to accelerate breeding by selecting either for known genes or. Maize corn is the most productive crop and farmers plant it because there is high enduser demand, it is easy to grow and often profitable. Wild type has red eyes rr mutant type has sepia eyes rr female rr x male rr f 1 r r r rr rr r rr rr female rr x male rr f 2 r r r rr rr r rr rr table 1 pg 5 wild type unknown eye color red sepia part. Diversity studies at genetic, molecular, and functional levels have revealed that, tropical maize germplasm, landraces, and wild relatives harbor a significantly wider range of genetic variation.
Researches were conducted within the maize breeding fields belonging to the procera genetics ltd company. He teaches quantitative genetics and crop breeding techniques at ndsu. We collected a massive data set from germplasm that included inbreds, f 1 hybrids, and f 2 progeny. Identify genetic relationships among grain maize lines and use. Plant height ph and ear height eh are two important agronomic traits in maize selection breeding. Adam vanous postdoctoral research associate, plant breeding and genetics. Improve tolerance and resistance to biotic mycotoxins especially aflatoxin and abiotic stresses salinity, drought and heat through breeding in addition to genetics. Genomic prediction in maize breeding populations with genotypingbysequencing. Hongwei zhang postdoctoral research associate, plant breeding and genetics. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding springerlink. The inbredhybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. The oldest method of plant improvement is by the selection of the best plants and by growing only the seed.
Maize breeding is one of the successful examples of breederdirected evolution. Click links below to see location mapped external to yahoo maps site office. Traditional maize inbred line development requires 610 seasons of selfbreeding but with the help of doubled haploid technology we can achieve this in just two seasons of selfing hallauer et al. Quantitative genetics with focus on corn breeding and corn. Postal 6641, 06600 mexico, d f, mexico the maize genome is one of the most extensively analyzed among the plant genomes. Quantitative genetics and maize breeding for texas seth c. It concentrates on the linkage analysis of markers, map construction and quantitative trait locus qtl mapping and assumes a. Genetic resources and maize breeding 583 scientia agricola, v. Quality protein maize qpm genetic basis and breeding. Maize snp arrays designed for molecular breeding by integrating.
Reif institute of plant breeding, seed science and population genetics university of hohenheim, d. Lee as genotypingbysequencing data becomes more abundant, new applications of this technology in breeding programs are possible. Genetics, genomics and breeding of maize genetics, genomics and breeding of crop plants 9781482228120. Razdan division of genetics and plant breeding, sherekashmir university of agricultural sciences and technology skuastj, chatha, jammu, india corresponding author a b s t r a c t keywords gene action for various quantitative. Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components of maize zea mays l. Positionally cloned maize genes related to important quantitative traits. Genetic analysis in maize foundation parents with mapping.
Purchase isozymes in plant genetics and breeding, volume 1a 1st edition. The goal of the 50th illinois corn breeders school anniversary program is to provide you with updates and insights into applications of technologies, methods, and approaches to maximize your corn breeding efforts and those of your organization. A robust genotypephenotype relationship allows predictive approaches for efficient and costeffective breeding, superior allele mining, and introgression on a genegenomic region basis. Cooke a thesis presented to the university of guelph in partial fulfilment of requirements.
Isozymes in plant genetics and breeding, volume 1a 1st. Nov 06, 20 genomic prediction in maize breeding populations with genotypingbysequencing. The book introduces the basic concepts and methods that are useful in the statistical analysis and modeling of dnabased marker and phenotypic data that arise in agriculture, forrestry, experimental biology, and other fields. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as b73. Many researchers around the globe have tried to address the problem using quality protein maize qpm. C jansen mapping of quantitative trait loci by using genetic markers. The primary purpose of this project is to contribute to yield increases by examining the development of breeding sources and the prevalence of differential rankings of varieties across environments genotype x environment interactions. Genomic prediction in cimmyt maize and wheat breeding programs. Activities related to genetic resources are characterized by high cost and long term return.
506 90 559 108 1579 48 973 1557 1628 1402 1384 563 304 318 1016 557 861 1269 1345 1054 118 1299 1399 1439 13 122 1342 1629 476 240 261 1477 1084 663 1615 694 220 1496 450 719 405 807 501 861 1126 1460